Important for Sub Inspector

Facts About Andhra Pradesh – Andhra Pradesh is a state bordering India’s southeastern coast. Its official and the widely spoken language is Telugu. Amaravati is the proposed riverfront capital city of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The new capital is named after the historic site of Amaravathi, known as a centre of Buddhist culture that flourished from 400 BC to 1100 AD. It is located on the southern banks of the River Krishna in Guntur and Krishna districts.

The foundation stone of the planned city was laid at Uddandarayunipalem village of Guntur district by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on 22 October 2015. The cities of Guntur and Vijayawada are the major suburbs of the city

Separation of Telangana state

In February 2014, the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014 bill was passed by the Parliament of India for the formation of Telangana state comprising ten districts. Hyderabad will remain as a joint capital for 10 years for both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. The new state of Telangana came into existence on 2 June 2014 after approval from the President of India. The formation of a new state named Telangana from Andhra Pradesh is not considered an amendment to the Constitution of India per article 3 and 4 of that document.

Government of Andhra Pradesh

• Governor – E.S.L Narasimhan
• Chief minister – N. Chandrababu Naidu
• High Court – High Court of Judicature at Hyderabad for the States of Telangana and Andhra Pradesh
• Chief justice – Justice Dilip Babasaheb Bhosale, The Acting Chief Justice
• Capital – Hyderabad

State Symbols of Andhra Pradesh

Dance	Kuchipudi
Animal	Blackbuck
Bird	Rose-ringed parakeet
Tree	Neem
Flower	Jasmine
Sport	Kabaddi
Fruit	Mango

Seats of Andhra Pradesh

• Assembly Sears – 175 + 58 (Bicameral Constituency)
• Lok Sabha Seats – 25
• Rajya Sabha Seats – 11

Wildlife Sanctuaries in Andhra Pradesh

• Coringa WLS
• Kawal WLS
• Kolleru WLS
• Nellapattu WLS
• Pulicat Lake WLS
• Rajiv Gandhi (Nagarjuna Sagar-Srisailam) WLS
• Rollapadu WLS

National Parks in Andhra Pradesh

• Sri Venkateswara National Park
• Mahavir Harina Vanasthali National Park
• Mrugavani National Park
• Rajiv Gandhi National Park
• Namdapha National Park
• Mouling National Park

Thermal Power plants of Andhra Pradesh

• Simhadri Super Thermal Power Plant
• Sri Damodaram Sanjeevaiah Thermal Power Station

World Heritage Sites 

• Tirumala Venkateswara temple in the town of Tirupati in Chittoor district
• Penchalakona Lakshmi Narasimha Swami Temple in Nellore district
• Kanaka Durga temple in the city of Vijayawada
• Mallikarjuna Swamy temple in srisailam of Kurnool district
• Sri kalahasthi temple in Chittoor district

Cultural Landmarks of Andhra Pradesh

Major cultural landmarks include Tirumala Venkateswara Temple, an ornate hilltop shrine to Hindu’s Vishnu, in the southern part of the state. It’s visited by tens of millions of pilgrims annually.

Hydroelectric power plants of Andhra Pradesh

• Srisailam Dam: on Narmada River, Andhra Pradesh
• Nagarjuna Sagar Dam: on Krishna River, Andhra Pradesh

Famous dances  of Andhra Pradesh

• Changu- Andhra Pradesh
• Classical Dance – Kuchipudi: Andhra Pradesh.

Famous places in Andhra Pradesh

• Rajahmundry city, located on the banks of Godavari River is one of the main attraction of the state.
• Sriharikota, located in the Nellore District is one of the main attractions of the state.
• Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located on the banks of Sriharikota in the Nellore District is one of the main attractions of the state.
• Mahanandi, located on the banks of Kurnool District is one of the main attractions of the state.
• Talakona city, located on the banks of Chittoor District is one of the main attractions of the state.
• Mypadu beach in Nellore.
• Borra caves in Ananthagari hills near Vishakapatnam.
• Belum caves in Kurnool district-second largest natural caves on the Indian subcontinent.

Seaports & Harbors of Andhra Pradesh

• Vishakapatnam port is one of the largest cargo handling port in India.

Famous personalities in Andhra Pradesh

• Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan second president of India and Bharat Ratna Award Winner.
• Sarojini Naidu – freedom fighter and poet; Bengali, married to a Telugu person.
• Tanguturi Prakasam – known as “Andhra Kesari”
• Alluri Sita Rama Raju – revolutionary, freedom fighter, led the Rampa Rebellion, Viplava Jyoti.
• Potti Sreeramulu – a revolutionary, fasted to death in protest for separate Andhra Pradesh
• Pingali Venkayya – designed the Indian national flag
• Puchalapalli Sundaraiah – a founding member of Communist Party in India.
• Dr D. Subbarao -(IAS) officer of Andhra Pradesh cadre. He was appointed the 22nd Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI).

Tidbits About Andhra Pradesh

• The forest in the state can be broadly divided into four major biotic provinces.
• The vegetation found in the state is large of dry deciduous types with a mixture of teak, Terminalia, Dalbergia, Pterocarpus, Anogeissus, etc.
• The state possesses some rare and endemic plants like Cycas beddomei, Pterocarpus santalinus, Terminalia pallida, Syzygium alternifolium, Shorea talura, Shorea tumburgia, Psilotum nudum, etc.
• The diversity of fauna includes tigers, panthers, hyenas, black bucks, cheetals, sambars, sea turtles and a number of birds and reptiles.
• The estuaries of river Godavari and Krishna support rich mangrove forests with fishing cats and otters as keystone species.
• The Minister of Tourism and Culture has issued a declaration of the Telugu language as a Classical Language.
• The famous Ongole Bull looks similar to Nandi, the vehicle of Lord Shiva. It’s said all the stone sculptures of Nandi in all temples are modelled after the Ongole Bull.
• Satish Dhawan Space Centre, located on the banks of Sriharikota in the Nellore District is one of the main attractions of the state.
• Telugu, the official language of Andhra Pradesh, was described by Englishmen as the”Italian of the East ” for its sweetness.

Complete List of Nobel Prize Winners 2018

In all Competitive Exams, we can expect at least one question from the Latest List of Nobel Prize Winners. The List of Nobel Prize Winners 2018 has been given below.

S.No.	Category	Winners	Additional Information
1.	Chemistry	Frances H. Arnold “for the directed evolution of enzymes” and the other half jointly to George P. Smith and Sir Gregory P. Winter “for the phage display of peptides and antibodies.”	This year’s Nobel Laureates have been inspired by the power of evolution and used the same principles – genetic change and selection – to develop proteins that solve humankind’s chemical problems.
2.	Physics	Arthur Ashkin “for the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems” and the other half jointly to Gérard Mourou and Donna Strickland “for their method of generating high-intensity, ultra-short optical pulses”.	Their inventions have revolutionised laser physics. Extremely small objects and incredibly rapid processes are now being seen in a new light. Advanced precision instruments are opening up unexplored areas of research and a multitude of industrial and medical applications.
3.	Peace	Denis Mukwege & Nadia Murad.	Denis Mukwege is the helper who has devoted his life to defending these victims. Nadia Murad is the witness who tells of the abuses perpetrated against herself and others.
4.	Economics	William D. Nordhaus “for integrating climate change into long-run macroeconomic analysis” and Paul M. Romer “for integrating technological innovations into long-run macroeconomic analysis.”	Their findings have significantly broadened the scope of economic analysis by constructing models that explain how the market economy interacts with nature and knowledge.
5.	Physiology or Medicine	James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo “for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation.”	The Laureates has shown how different strategies for inhibiting the brakes on the immune system can be used in the treatment of cancer. Their discoveries are a landmark in our fight against cancer.

What is a Nobel Prize?

• The Nobel Prizes are prizes instituted by the will of Alfred Bernhard Nobel.
• They are awarded to people/organizations, which have done outstanding research, invented groundbreaking techniques or equipment, or made outstanding contributions to society.
• The Nobel Prizes are awarded annually in the categories of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, peace, and economics.
• The Nobel Prizes are prizes awarded annually by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the Swedish Academy, the Karolinska Institutet, and the Norwegian Nobel Committee to individuals and organizations.
• The Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank, the central bank of Sweden, for contributions to the field of economics.

What is the Prize given for the Winners?

• Each recipient, or “laureate”, receives a gold medal, a diploma, and a sum of money, which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation. In 1901, the recipients of the first Nobel Prizes were given 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 8,402,670 SEK in December 2017. In 2017, the laureates were awarded a prize amount of 9,000,000 SEK.

About Alfred Nobel

Alfred Bernhard Nobel
Born	21 October 1833 Stockholm, Sweden–Norway
Died	10 December 1896 (aged 63) Sanremo, Italy
Resting place	Norra begravningsplatsen, Stockholm, Sweden
Occupation	Chemist, engineer, inventor, businessman, philanthropist
Known for	Benefactor of the Nobel Prize, inventor of dynamite

• Known for inventing dynamite, Nobel also owned Bofors, which he had redirected from its previous role as primarily an iron and steel producer to a major manufacturer of cannon and other armaments. Nobel held 355 different patents, dynamite being the most famous.
• The synthetic element nobelium was named after him.

Why Alfred Nobel started Nobel Prize?

In 1888 Alfred’s brother Ludvig died while visiting Cannes and a French newspaper erroneously published Alfred’s obituary. It condemned him for his invention of dynamite and is said to have brought about his decision to leave a better legacy after his death. The obituary stated, Le marchand de la mort est mort which means “The merchant of death is dead” and went on to say, “Dr. Alfred Nobel, who became rich by finding ways to kill more people faster than ever before, died yesterday.” Alfred (who never had a wife or children) was disappointed with what he read and concerned with how he would be remembered.

Categories in Nobel Prize

Alfred Nobel’s will made provision for only five prizes. Later economics prize was added later in his memory. The six prizes awarded are:

• Nobel Prize in Physics – Awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
• Nobel Prize in Chemistry – Awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
• Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – Awarded by the Karolinska Institute
• Nobel Prize in Literature – Awarded by the Swedish Academy
• Nobel Prize in Peace – Awarded by the Norwegian Nobel Committee
• Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics – Also known as the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, it was instituted in 1969 by Sveriges Riksbank, the Bank of Sweden. Although it is awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences with the official Nobel prizes, it is not paid for by his money, and is technically not a Nobel Prize.

How the recipients of Nobel Prize are selected?

• The Peace Prize award ceremony on December 10 is the culmination of a long selection process.
• According to rules, there can be a maximum of three Laureates in a category every year.
• The Norwegian Nobel Committee begins the whole process by inviting nominations which can be submitted by February 1 each year.

Laureates

• Between 1901 and 2017, the Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 585 times to 923 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 892 individuals (including 844 men, 48 women) and 24 organizations.
• Four Nobel laureates were not permitted by their governments to accept the Nobel Prize. Adolf Hitler forbade three Germans, Richard Kuhn (Chemistry, 1938), Adolf Butenandt (Chemistry, 1939), and Gerhard Domagk (Physiology or Medicine, 1939), from accepting their Nobel Prizes, and the government of the Soviet Union pressured Boris Pasternak (Literature, 1958) to decline his award.
• Two Nobel laureates, Jean-Paul Sartre (Literature, 1964) and Lê Ðức Thọ (Peace, 1973), declined the award; Sartre declined the award as he declined all official honors, and Lê declined the award due to the situation Vietnam was in at the time.
• Six laureates have received more than one prize; of the six, the International Committee of the Red Cross has received the Nobel Peace Prize three times, more than any other.
• UNHCR has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize Also the Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to John Bardeen twice, and the Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frederick Sanger.
• Two laureates have been awarded twice but not in the same field: Marie Curie (Physics and Chemistry) and Linus Pauling (Chemistry and Peace).
• Among the 892 Nobel laureates, 48 have been women.
• The first woman to receive a Nobel Prize was Marie Curie, who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903. She was also the first person (male or female) to be awarded two Nobel Prizes, the second award being the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, given in 1911.

J. Bardeen	M. Curie	L. Pauling
Physics 1956 Physics 1972	Physics 1903 Chemistry 1911	Chemistry 1954 Peace 1962
F. Sanger	ICRC	UNHCR
Chemistry 1958 Chemistry 1980	Peace 1917 Peace 1944 Peace 1963	Peace 1954 Peace 1981

Family Nobel Laureates

The Curies were a very successful ‘Nobel Prize family’. Marie Curie herself was awarded two Nobel Prizes.

Married couples
Marie Curie Pierre Curie	Irène Joliot-Curie Frédéric Joliot	Gerty Cori Carl Cori
May-Britt Moser Edvard I. Moser	Alva Myrdal Gunnar Myrdal
Mother & Daughter
Marie Curie Irène Joliot-Curie
Father & Daughter
Pierre Curie Irène Joliot-Curie
Father & Son
William Bragg Lawrence Bragg	Niels Bohr Aage N. Bohr	Hans von Euler-Chelpin Ulf von Euler
Arthur Kornberg Roger D. Kornberg	Manne Siegbahn Kai M. Siegbahn	J. J. Thomson George Paget Thomson
Brothers
Jan Tinbergen Nikolaas Tinbergen

Nobel Prize Winners from India

Year	Laureate		Subject	Rationale
1913		Rabindranath Tagore	Literature	Awarded “because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West.”
1930		C. V. Raman	Physics	“For his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him.”
1979		Mother Teresa (born in Skopje, Ottoman Empire)	Peace	“For work undertaken in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also constitutes a threat to peace.”
1998		Amartya Sen	Economic studies	“For his contributions to welfare economics.”
2014		Kailash Satyarthi	Peace	Awarded jointly to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai – “for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education.”

Interesting facts about Nobel Prize

• The average age of all Nobel Laureates in all prize categories between 1901 and 2014 is 59 years.
• Most common birthday month of all the Nobel Laureates is June.
• Since 1901, prizes have not been awarded 49 times, most of them during World War I (1914-1918) and II (1939-1945).
• Leonid Hurwicz has the distinction of being the oldest Nobel recipient at the age of 90 for Economics in 2007.
• Till now, 48 women have won the Nobel while two Laureates declined the prize.
• Jean-Paul Sartre, awarded the 1964 Nobel Prize in Literature, declined it as he had consistently declined all official honours.
• Le Duc Tho, awarded the 1973 Nobel Peace Prize jointly with U.S. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger for negotiating the Vietnam peace accord, said he was not in a position to accept the award, citing the situation in Vietnam as his reason.
• Four Laureates were forced by authorities to decline the Nobel.
• Adolf Hitler forbade three Germans Richard Kuhn, Adolf Butenandt and Gerhard Domagk, from accepting the Nobel Prize. They, however, received the Nobel Prize Diploma and Medal later but not the prize amount.
• Boris Pasternak, the 1958 Nobel Laureate in Literature, initially accepted the Prize but was later coerced by authorities of his native country the Soviet Union to decline the award.
• Three Peace Laureates — Germany’s Carl von Ossietzky, Myanmar’s pro-democracy icon Aung San Suu Kyi and Chinese rights activist Liu Xiaobo — were under arrest at the time of the award.
• The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was given the Nobel Peace Prize thrice while its founder Henry Dunant won the first Peace Prize in 1901.
• Linus Pauling has the distinction of being the only person to have been awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes — the 1954 Prize in Chemistry and the 1962 Peace Prize.